In atomic physics, The Rydberg formula is used to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements.

The modified Rydberg formula given below is used for any hydrogen-like chemical elements.

λ_vac= the wavelength of the light emitted in vacuum;

R = the Rydberg constant for this element;

Z = the atomic number, i.e. the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of this element;

n₁and n₂= integers such that n₁< n₂, corresponding to the principal quantum numbers of the orbitals occupied before and after.

In atomic physics, The Rydberg formula is used to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements.

The modified Rydberg formula given below is used for hydrogen element.

λ_vac = the wavelength of the light emitted in vacuum;

R = the Rydberg constant for this element;

n₁ and n₂ = integers such that n₁< n₂, corresponding to the principal quantum numbers of the orbitals occupied before and after.

The energy carried by a single photon with a certain electromagnetic wavelength and frequency is the photon energy. The higher the photon’s frequency higher its energy, and longer the photon’s wavelength, the lower its energy. Photon energy is directly proportional to its photon frequency and inversely proportional to its photon’s wavelength.

The equation for photon energy is given as,

E = hc / λ

E = the photon energy

h = the Planck constant

c = the speed of light in vacuum

λ = the photon’s wavelength.

The photon energy changes with direct relation to wavelength ‘λ’ as h and c are both constants.

In physics, the potential energy is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.

The formula for Potential energy of an electron in the nth orbit is given as,

P.E. = -me⁴ / 4πε₀²n²h²

ε₀ = permittivity of free space

e = Charge on an electron (1.6 x 10–19 C)

n = positive integer

m= mass of an electron

h = Planck’s constant

In physics, the potential energy is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.

P.E. = -e² / 4πε₀r = m e⁴ / 4 ε₀² n² h²

ε₀ = permittivity of free space

e = Charge on an electron (1.6 x 10–19 C)

r = radius of the orbit of an electron

m= mass of an electron

n = positive integer

h = Planck’s constant